【CAVEDU講堂】Raspberry Pi Pico W 智慧淹水偵測系統，結合 Google 試算表與 LINE 通訊軟體

Posted By CAVEDU 教育團隊 on 9 月 25, 2023 in Raspberry Pi, Raspberry Pi基金會, 教學文, 自造教育 | 0 comments

作者：CAVEDU 教育團隊

本篇文章要來介紹的是使用 Raspberry Pico W 和 RS485 溫溼度感測器的淹水偵測裝置，為了因應最近強降雨的情形，怕地下室淹水所製作的，現在這套設備正在 CAVEDU 地下室服役中。

Pico W淹水偵測裝置功能如下:

➡️每15分鐘會上傳資料點至Google Sheet雲端，以確保裝置運作中

➡️可定時(如:每日7:00PM把目前偵測到的溫溼度發送到 LINE 通訊軟體

➡️若濕度過高，則會立即通報LINE中。由於LINE可以把相關人員加入群組中，所以只要有人接到通報，就可以第一時間做處置。

智慧偵測淹水裝置接線圖

智慧偵測淹水裝置主要由下列元件所組成：

Raspberry Pi Pico W：接收RS485感測器訊號，並上傳至雲端及LINE 訊息。
Raspberry Pi Pico W擴充板：擴充Raspberry Pi Pico W腳位，以方便將感測器腳位。
TTL轉RS485模組：可將RS485感測器訊號轉成TTL訊號，再讓Raspberry Pi Pico W接收
RS485溫溼度感測器：可以偵測室內的溫度及濕度。
LCD液晶螢幕：主要顯示目前的溼度狀況與時間。

Raspberry Pi Pico W擴充板與LCD 接線
Raspberry Pi Pico W擴充板與TTL轉RS485模組接線
TTL轉RS485模組接線與RS485溫濕度感測器接線

智慧偵測淹水裝置流程圖

系統流程圖如下（點選看大圖）

智慧偵測淹水裝置匯入LCD函式庫

1.匯入 Raspberry Pi pico 函式庫的做法，請參考「使用 Raspberry Pi Pico W 和 MicroPython 開發物聯網應用」
2.函式庫下載
3.匯入檔案指令，匯入以上連結下載的 lcd_api.py 和 i2c_lcd.py


cd LCD_library

ampy --port COMX put lcd_api.py

ampy --port COMX put i2c_lcd.py

4.智慧偵測淹水裝置程式全貌

下列程式中需要 IFTTT 作為中介軟體來串接 pico W 與 LINE，相關IFTTT申請步驟，請參考「LinkIt™ 7697空氣品質偵測並上傳Google表單（空氣盒子2.0）」。，並將申請到的 IFTTT 相關資訊填入以下 .py 檔之後上傳到 pi pico 開發板即可。

Alert_IFTTT_LINE_GOOGLE_settime_blog.py


 import utime

import machine

import urequests

import ntptime

import network

from machine import I2C, Pin, RTC

from lcd_api import LcdApi

from i2c_lcd import I2cLcd



# IFTTT settings(需自行輸入IFTTT相關資訊)

IFTTT_GOOGLE_EVENT = "enter_your_google_event"

IFTTT_LINE_EVENT = "enter_your_line_event"

IFTTT_KEY= "enter_your_webhook_key"

IFTTT_URL_GOOGLE_SHEET ='https://maker.ifttt.com/trigger/'+IFTTT_GOOGLE_EVENT+'/with/key/'+IFTTT_KEY

IFTTT_URL_LINE ='https://maker.ifttt.com/trigger/'+IFTTT_LINE_EVENT+'/with/key/'+IFTTT_KEY



# WiFi settings(需自行輸入WIFI帳號和密碼)

wifi_ssid = "enter_your_wifi_ssid"

wifi_password = "enter_your_wifi_password"



# Initialize UART(初始化UART)

uart = machine.UART(1, baudrate=9600, tx=machine.Pin(8), rx=machine.Pin(9), timeout=1000)



uart.init(9600, bits=8, parity=None, stop=1)



# LCD initialization (LCD 初始化)

I2C_ADDR     = 0x3f

I2C_NUM_ROWS = 2

I2C_NUM_COLS = 16

i2c = I2C(0, sda=machine.Pin(0), scl=machine.Pin(1), freq=400000)

lcd = I2cLcd(i2c, I2C_ADDR, I2C_NUM_ROWS, I2C_NUM_COLS)  



# Initialize RTC (RTC 初始化)

rtc = RTC()



# Connect to the WiFi (WIFI連線)

def connect_wifi(ssid, password):

    wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)

    wlan.active(True)

    if not wlan.isconnected():

        wlan.connect(ssid, password)

        while not wlan.isconnected():

            pass



# Update the time from NTP server (更新時間)

def update_time():

    ntptime.host = 'pool.ntp.org'

    ntptime.settime()

    tm = utime.localtime(utime.mktime(utime.localtime()) + 28800)

    rtc.datetime((tm[0], tm[1], tm[2], tm[6] + 1, tm[3], tm[4], tm[5], 0))



# Get current time(取得目前時間)

def get_time():

    time = rtc.datetime()

    current_hour = time[4]

    current_minute = time[5]

    current_second = time[6]

    current_time = "{:02d}:{:02d}:{:02d}".format(current_hour, current_minute, current_second)

    return current_time, current_hour, current_minute



# Send data to IFTTT (傳資料到IFTTT)

def send_to_ifttt(url, soil_temp, soil_vwc, state):

    data = {'value1': str(soil_temp), 'value2': str(soil_vwc), 'value3': state}

    request_headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}

    request = urequests.post(url, json=data, headers=request_headers)

    request.close()



# Sensor Access Function (RS485感測器回傳資料)

def Sensor_Access():

    Read_SOIL_TEMP_HUMI_Command = bytes([0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x02, 0x24, 0x0A])

    SOIL_buf = bytearray(11)

    Sensor_Delay_mS = 50

       uart.write(Read_SOIL_TEMP_HUMI_Command)

    uart.readinto(SOIL_buf)

    utime.sleep_ms(Sensor_Delay_mS)



    SOIL_VWC_Data = (SOIL_buf[5] &lt;&lt; 8) + SOIL_buf[6]

    SOIL_VWC_Value = int(SOIL_VWC_Data) / 1000

    SOIL_TEMP_Data = (SOIL_buf[3] &lt;&lt; 8) + SOIL_buf[4] SOIL_TEMP_Value = int(SOIL_TEMP_Data) / 100 return SOIL_TEMP_Value, SOIL_VWC_Value # Print on LCD (顯示數值在LCD) def lcd_print(current_time, soil_vwc): lcd.clear() lcd.putstr("TIME: {time} VWC: {vwc:.1f}".format(time=current_time, vwc=soil_vwc)) def main(): state = " Normal " connect_wifi(wifi_ssid, wifi_password) update_time() # update the time from NTP server at the start lcd.putstr("WIFI is connected!") # setting the initial time to a value that triggers the first send last_sent_hour = -1 last_sent_minute = -1 line_flag = False while True: current_time, current_hour, current_minute = get_time() # read sensor every 15 minutes (每15分鐘上傳數值到Google Sheets) if current_minute % 15 == 0 and current_minute != last_sent_minute: soil_temp, soil_vwc = Sensor_Access() send_to_ifttt(IFTTT_URL_GOOGLE_SHEET, soil_temp, soil_vwc, state) last_sent_minute = current_minute # send to LINE sheet once every day at 7:00pm (每晚七點上傳數值到LINE) if current_hour == 19 and current_minute == 0 and line_flag == False: soil_temp, soil_vwc = Sensor_Access() #send_to_ifttt(IFTTT_URL_GOOGLE_SHEET, soil_temp, soil_vwc, state) send_to_ifttt(IFTTT_URL_LINE, soil_temp, soil_vwc, state) line_flag = True # reset line_flag after 7:00pm (重置line_flag) if current_hour == 19 and current_minute &gt; 0:



            line_flag = False



        # send to LINE when soil_vwc is between 0 and 10 (當淹水時會發緊報)



        soil_temp, soil_vwc = Sensor_Access()

        if 0 &lt; soil_vwc &lt;= 10:

            state = " ALERT!! "

            send_to_ifttt(IFTTT_URL_LINE, soil_temp, soil_vwc, state)

           send_to_ifttt(IFTTT_URL_GOOGLE_SHEET, soil_temp, soil_vwc, state)

        else:

            state = " Normal "



        # print on LCD every second (LCD每秒更新一次顯示畫面)

        lcd_print(current_time, soil_vwc)

        print(current_time, soil_vwc)

        utime.sleep(1)  # sleep for 1 second



# Run the main function (執行主程式)

main()